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Evokation
 
 
Index
 

 

 

 

NUCLEAR FAMILY 19769

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE

MAGICALALPHABET

 

..................

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
R
=
9
-
7
RAINBOW
82
37
1
L
=
3
-
5
LIGHT
56
29
2
-
-
14
-
15
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
171
81
9
-
-
1+4
-
1+5
-
1+7+1
8+1
-
Q
-
5
-
6
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
9
9
9

 

 

 

 

THIS IS THE SCENE OF THE SCENE UNSEEN

THE UNSEEN SEEN OF THE SCENE UNSEEN THIS IS THE SCENE

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
4
MIND
40
22
4
2
OF
21
12
3
9
HUMANKIND
95
41
5
18
First Total
189
90
18
1+8
Add to Reduce
1+8+9
9+0
1+8
9
Second Total
18
9
9
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

THE DIVINE COMEDY

OF

DANTE ALIGHIERI (1265-1321)

THE FLORENTINE

CANTICA I

HELL

(L'INFERNO)

INTRODUCTION

Page 9

"Midway this way of life we're bound upon

I woke to find myself in a dark wood,

Where the right road was wholly lost and gone."

 

M
=
4
-
6
MIDWAY
75
30
3
T
=
2
-
4
THIS
56
20
2
W
=
5
-
3
WAY
49
13
4
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
L
=
3
-
4
LIFE
32
23
5
W
=
5
-
4
WE'RE
51
24
6
B
=
2
-
5
BOUND
56
20
2
U
=
3
-
4
UPON
66
21
3
-
-
30
-
32
-
406
163
28
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
W
=
5
-
4
WOKE
54
18
9
T
=
2
-
2
TO
35
8
8
F
=
6
-
4
FIND
33
24
6
M
=
4
-
6
MYSELF
80
26
8
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
D
=
4
-
4
DARK
34
16
7
W
=
5
-
4
WOOD
57
21
3
-
-
45
-
28
-
326
137
56
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
5
WHERE
59
32
5
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
R
=
9
-
5
RIGHT
62
35
8
R
=
9
-
4
ROAD
38
20
2
W
=
5
-
3
WAS
43
7
7
W
=
5
-
6
WHOLLY
95
32
5
L
=
3
-
4
LOST
66
12
3
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
G
=
7
-
4
GONE
41
23
5
-
-
46
-
37
-
456
186
42
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
121
-
97
First Total
1188
486
126
-
-
1+2+1
-
9+7
Add to Reduce
1+1+8+8
4+8+6
1+2+6
Q
-
4
-
16
Second Total
18
18
9
-
-
-
-
1+6
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
1+8
-
-
-
4
-
7
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

THE DIVINE COMEDY

OF

DANTE ALIGHIERI (1265-1321)

THE FLORENTINE

CANTICA I

HELL

(L'INFERNO)

INTRODUCTION

Page 9

"Power failed high fantasy here; yet, swift to move

Even as a wheel moves equal, free from jars,

Already my heart and will were wheeled by love,

The Love that moves the sun and other stars."

 

P
=
7
-
5
POWER
77
32
5
F
=
6
-
6
FAILED
37
28
1
H
=
8
-
4
HIGH
32
32
5
F
=
6
-
7
FANTASY
86
23
5
H
=
8
-
4
HERE
36
27
9
Y
=
7
-
3
YET
50
14
5
S
=
1
-
5
SWIFT
77
23
5
T
=
2
-
2
TO
35
8
8
M
=
4
-
4
MOVE
55
19
1
-
-
49
-
40
First Total
485
206
44
-
-
4+9
-
4+0
Add to Reduce
4+8+5
2+0+6
4+4
Q
-
13
-
4
Second Total
17
8
8
-
-
1+3
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+7
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
Essence of Number
8
8
8

 

 

E
=
5
-
4
EVEN
46
19
1
A
=
1
-
2
AS
20
2
2
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
W
=
5
-
5
WHEEL
53
26
8
M
=
4
-
5
MOVES
74
20
2
E
=
5
-
5
EQUAL
56
20
2
F
=
6
-
4
FREE
34
25
7
F
=
6
-
4
FROM
52
25
7
J
=
1
-
4
JARS
48
12
3
-
-
34
-
34
First Total
384
150
33
-
-
3+4
-
3+4
Add to Reduce
3+8+4
1+5+0
3+3
Q
-
7
-
7
Second Total
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+5
-
-
-
-
7
-
7
Essence of Number
6
6
6

 

 

A
=
1
-
7
ALREADY
66
30
3
M
=
4
-
2
MY
38
11
2
H
=
8
-
5
HEART
52
25
7
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
W
=
5
-
4
WILL
56
20
2
W
=
5
-
4
WERE
51
24
7
W
=
5
-
7
WHEELED
62
35
8
B
=
2
-
2
BY
27
9
9
L
=
3
-
4
LOVE
54
18
9
-
-
34
-
38
First Total
425
182
47
-
-
3+4
-
3+8
Add to Reduce
4+2+5
1+8+2
4+7
Q
-
7
-
11
Second Total
11
11
11
-
-
-
-
1+1
Reduce to Deduce
1+1
1+1
1+1
-
-
7
-
2
Essence of Number
2
2
2

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
L
=
3
-
4
LOVE
54
18
9
T
=
2
-
4
THAT
49
13
4
M
=
4
-
5
MOVES
74
20
2
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
S
=
1
-
3
SUN
54
9
9
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
O
=
6
-
5
OTHER
66
30
3
S
=
1
-
5
STARS
77
14
5
-
-
22
-
35
First Total
459
144
45
-
-
2+2
-
3+5
Add to Reduce
4+5+9
1+4+4
4+5
Q
-
4
-
8
Second Total
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
4
-
8
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
4
HOLY
60
24
6
7
MESSAGE
-
-
-
2
M+E
18
9
9
1
S
19
10
1
3
S+A+G
27
18
9
1
E
5
5
5
7
MESSAGE
69
42
24
14
Add
162
81
36
1+4
Reduce
1+6+2
8+1
3+6
5
Deduce
9
9
9

 

 

THE

FAR YONDER SCRIBE

AND OFT TIMES SHADOWED SUBSTANCES WATCHED IN FINE AMAZE

THE

ZED ALIZ ZED

IN SWIFT REPEAT SCATTER STAR DUST AMONGST THE LETTERS OF THEIR PROGRESS

AT THE THROW OF THE NINTH NUMBER WHEN IN CONJUNCTION SET

THE

FAR YONDER SCRIBE

MADE RECORD OF THEIR FALL

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
-
5
ADDED
18
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
-
2
TO
35
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
-
3
ALL
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
M
=
4
-
5
MINUS
76
22
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
4
NONE
48
21
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
6
SHARED
55
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
2
BY
27
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
-
10
EVERYTHING
133
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
M
=
4
-
10
MULTIPLIED
121
49
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
9
ABUNDANCE
65
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
35
-
58
First Total
626
266
59
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
14
8
18
-
-
3+5
-
5+8
Add to Reduce
6+2+6
2+6+6
5+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
1+8
-
-
8
-
13
Second Total
14
14
10
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+3
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
1+4
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
4
Essence of Number
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
5
8
9

 

 

26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
24
-
26
+
=
115
1+1+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
7
8
9
-
2
3
4
5
-
7
-
+
=
83
8+3
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
10
11
12
13
-
-
16
17
18
-
20
21
22
23
-
25
-
+
=
236
2+3+6
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
3
=
21
2+1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
occurs
x
3
=
24
2+4
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
45
-
-
26
-
126
-
54
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+6
-
1+2+6
-
5+4
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

ADVENT 2275 ADVENT

 

W
=
5
-
4
WHAT
52
16
7
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
W
=
5
-
5
WOULD
75
21
3
L
=
3
-
4
LOOK
53
17
8
F
=
6
-
3
FOR
30
21
3
T
=
2
-
9
THEREFORE
100
46
1
W
=
5
-
5
WOULD
75
21
3
B
=
2
-
2
BE
7
7
7
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
U
=
3
-
9
UNIVERSAL
121
40
4
L
=
3
-
8
LANGUAGE
68
32
5
-
-
41
4
53
First Total
616
238
49
-
-
4+1
-
5+3
Add to Reduce
6+1+6
2+3+8
4+9
-
-
5
-
8
Second Total
13
13
13
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+3
1+3
1+3
-
-
5
-
8
Essence of Number
4
4
4

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
K
=
2
-
4
KIND
38
20
2
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
L
=
3
-
8
LANGUAGE
68
32
5
T
=
2
-
4
THAT
49
13
4
W
=
5
-
5
WOULD
75
21
3
B
=
2
-
2
BE
7
7
7
C
=
3
-
14
COMPREHENSIBLE
144
72
9
T
=
2
-
2
TO
35
8
8
A
=
1
-
3
ANY
40
13
4
T
=
2
-
15
TECHNOLOGICALLY
161
71
8
A
=
1
-
2
ADVANCED
54
27
9
S
=
1
-
7
SOCIETY
96
33
6
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
A
=
1
-
3
ANY
40
13
4
E
=
5
-
5
EPOCH
47
29
2
-
-
47
4
81
First Total
931
400
85
-
-
4+7
-
8+1
Add to Reduce
9+3+1
4+0+0
8+5
-
-
11
-
9
Second Total
13
4
13
-
-
1+5
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+3
-
1+3
-
-
2
-
9
Essence of Number
4
4
4

 

 

S
=
1
-
4
SUCH
51
15
6
L
=
3
-
9
LANGUAGES
87
33
6
A
=
1
-
3
ARE
24
15
6
F
=
6
-
3
FEW
34
16
7
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
F
=
6
-
3
FAR
25
16
7
B
=
2
-
7
BETWEEN
74
29
2
B
=
2
-
3
BUT
43
7
7
M
=
4
-
11
MATHEMATICS
112
40
4
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
10
1
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
T
=
2
-
4
THEM
46
19
1
-
-
49
4
57
First Total
598
238
58
-
-
4+9
-
5+7
Add to Reduce
5+9+8
2+3+8
5+8
-
-
13
-
12
Second Total
22
13
13
-
-
1+3
-
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
2+2
1+3
1+3
-
-
3
-
3
Essence of Number
4
4
4

 

 

A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
L
=
3
-
8
LANGUAGE
68
32
5
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
L
=
3
-
7
LETTERS
99
27
9
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
N
=
5
-
7
NUMBERS
73
28
1
-
-
19
4
28
First Total
299
110
20
-
-
1+9
-
2+8
Add to Reduce
2+9+9
1+1+0
2+0
-
-
10
-
10
Second Total
20
2
2
-
-
1+0
-
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
2+0
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
Essence of Number
2
2
2

 

MATHEMATICS A LANGUAGE OF LETTERS AND NUMBERS

 

W
=
5
-
4
WHAT
52
16
7
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
W
=
5
-
5
WOULD
75
21
3
L
=
3
-
4
LOOK
53
17
8
F
=
6
-
3
FOR
30
21
3
T
=
2
-
9
THEREFORE
100
46
1
W
=
5
-
5
WOULD
75
21
3
B
=
2
-
2
BE
7
7
7
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
U
=
3
-
9
UNIVERSAL
121
40
4
L
=
3
-
8
LANGUAGE
68
32
5
-
-
41
4
53
-
616
238
49
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
K
=
2
-
4
KIND
38
20
2
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
L
=
3
-
8
LANGUAGE
68
32
5
C
=
3
-
4
THAT
144
72
9
T
=
2
-
5
WOULD
35
8
8
A
=
1
-
2
BE
40
13
4
T
=
2
-
14
COMPREHENSIBLE
161
71
8
A
=
1
-
2
TO
54
27
9
S
=
1
-
3
ANY
96
33
6
I
=
9
-
15
TECHNOLOGICALLY
23
14
5
A
=
1
-
2
ADVANCED
40
13
4
E
=
5
-
7
SOCIETY
48
29
2
T
=
2
-
2
IN
49
13
4
W
=
5
-
3
ANY
75
21
3
B
=
2
-
5
EPOCH
7
7
7
-
-
47
4
81
-
931
400
85
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
4
SUCH
51
15
6
L
=
3
-
9
LANGUAGES
87
33
6
A
=
1
-
3
ARE
24
15
6
F
=
6
-
3
FEW
34
16
7
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
F
=
6
-
3
FAR
25
16
7
B
=
2
-
7
BETWEEN
74
29
2
B
=
2
-
3
BUT
43
7
7
M
=
4
-
11
MATHEMATICS
112
40
4
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
10
1
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
T
=
2
-
4
THEM
46
19
1
-
-
49
4
57
-
598
238
58
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
L
=
3
-
8
LANGUAGE
68
32
5
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
L
=
3
-
7
LETTERS
99
27
9
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
N
=
5
-
7
NUMBERS
73
28
1
-
-
19
4
28
-
299
110
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
156
-
219
First Total
2444
986
212
-
-
1+5+6
-
2+1+9
Add to Reduce
2+4+4+4
9+8+6
2+1+2
-
-
12
-
12
Second Total
14
23
5
-
-
1+2
-
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
2+3
-
-
-
3
-
3
Essence of Number
5
5
5

 

MATHEMATICS A LANGUAGE OF LETTER AND NUMBER

 

A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
L
=
3
-
8
LANGUAGE
68
32
5
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
L
=
3
-
6
LETTER
80
26
8
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
N
=
5
-
6
NUMBER
73
28
1
S
-
19
4
26
First Total
261
108
18
-
-
1+9
-
2+6
Add to Reduce
2+6+1
1+0+8
1+8
-
-
10
-
8
Second Total
9
9
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
8
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

11
THE ADVENT
-
-
-
3
THE
33
15
6
6
ADVENT
66
21
3
9
THE ADVENT
99
36
9
-
-
9+9
3+6
-
9
THE ADVENT
9
9
9

 

 

EHT NAMUH 1977 THE HUMAN

 

 

ADVENT NINENINETYNINE ADVENT

 

 

THE ELEMENTS OF THE GODDESS

Caitlin Matthews 1989

Page38

"This ennead of aspects is endlessly adaptable for it is made up of nine, the most adjustable and yet essentially unchanging number. However one chooses to add up multiples of nine, for example 54, 72, 108, they always add up to nine"

 

 

SHAMANIC WISDOM IN THE PYRAMID TEXTS

THE MYSTICAL TRADITION OF ANCIENT EGYPT

Jeremy Naydler 2005

The Sarcophagus Chamber Texts

Page 199

"Figure 7.11 shows a relief fragment from the pyramid temple of Unas depicting (in all probability) the king sitting in front of an offering table on which are arranged long slices of bread. In his left hand he holds the seshed cloth, which, as we have seen, was a symbol of the triumph of the human spirit over death.32"

 

 

THE SUN

Tuesday, December 27, 2005

FRONT PAGE

"IT WASN'T DEATH THAT WON THE DAY. HUMANITY TRIUMPHED"

 

 

4
PTAH
-
-
-
-
P+T
36
9
9
-
A+H
9
9
9

4

PTAH
45
18
18
-
-
4+5
1+8
1+8

4

PTAH
9
9
9

 

FOLLOW

THE

PATH OF PTAH

 

1
I
9
9
9
3
DIE
18
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
2
DE
9
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
2
ME
18
9
9
4
LOVE
54
18
9
6
DIVINE
63
36
9
7
THOUGHT
99
36
9
10
NAMES OF GOD
99
45
9

 

 

THE WEEKLY NEWS

No7862-3 February 18, 2006

FRONT PAGE

I

GAVE UP SIGHT TO HAVE NINE CHILDREN

 

 

DAILY MAIL

Monday, January 23

LIFE STYLE

Page 42

99 sale"

"was £ 145 now 99"

"was£ 145 now 99"

"All prices include frame and lenses."

 

 

DAILY MAIL

Thursday, February 2, 2006

Page 3

"The man who was one number away from £105m"

"WHAT'S the difference between £105 million and £ 6,000"

"That's all a British 999 operator needed to win last week's EuroMillions jackpot."

 

 

DAILY MAIL

Friday, February 3, 2006

Page 55

"Awaste of space (unless you're 9)

Zathura: A Space Adventure

 

 

THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF ALL SAINTS WAKEFIELD

Sunday, 18th December, 2005

"Service of Nine Lessons and Carols"

 

 

DAILY MAIL

Friday, September 9, 2005

"Exactly four years on from 9/11, Ground Zero remains a wasteland,"

 

 

THE SPIRITUAL DIMENSION OF THE ENNEAGRAM

NINE

FACES OF THE SOUL

Sandra Maitri 2000

 

 

HOW MANY FISH ISHI ISHI HOW MANY FISH

 

26
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
351
126
9
25
GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY
315
135
9
14
ALBERT EINSTEIN
153
63
9

 

 

CITY OF REVELATION

John Michell 1972

Page 95

CHAPTER

NINE

The Literary Canon: 153 Fishes in the Net


"Simon Peter went up and drew the net to land full of great fishes, one hundred and fifty and three' (John 2 I: I I).
Why there should have been exactly 153 fishes in the net is a question which has puzzled commentators from the earliest times. Obviously the number had an esoteric significance, and by reference to the sacred canon of number and geometry this may be discovered. The parables and many of the episodes in the New Testament form the literary expressions of geometrical processes. This is particularly clear in the case of the 153 fishes. The key is the number 1224, which is the value by gematria of both (greek letters omitted), the net, and (greek letters omitted, fishes. 1224 is equal to 8 times 153,and 153 is the sum of the numbers 1-17. Reference has already been made on earlier pages to the number 1224; the more important associations of this number are summarised on the next page.
The account in the twenty-first and last chapter of St John's Gospel of the miraculous draught of 153 fishes provides an excellent illustration of the ancient canon of numerology, rediscovered by the early Christian scholars and adopted for literary purposes in the composition of their sacred writings.

 

24
SUPERNATURAL SUPERSTITION
351
126
9
25
GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY
315
135
9
26
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
351
135
9

 

Why there should have been exactly 153 fishes in the net is a question which has puzzled commentators from the earliest times.

 

14
ALBERT EINSTEIN
153
63
9
16
ERWIN SCHRODINGER
189
99
9
17
FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE
189
108
9
11
ZARATHUSTRA
153
45
9
12
QUETZALCOATL
153
45
9
14
PHARAOH PYRAMID
153
81
9
10
NAMES OF GOD
99
45
9

 

"Why there should have been exactly 153 fishes in the net is a question which has puzzled commentators from the earliest times."

 

 

THE CONCEPT OF MIND

Gilbert Ryle 1949

Page 227

"CONSIDER THE REPLIES WE SHOULD EXPECT TO GET TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. 'HOW DO YOU KNOW?' 'HOW DO YOU KNOW THAT THERE ARE TWELVE CHAIRS IN THE ROOM?' 'BY COUNTING THEM.' 'HOW DO YOU KNOW THAT 9 x 17 MAKES 153?' 'BY MULTIPLYING THEM AND THEN CHECKING THE ANSWER BY SUBTRACTING 17 FROM 10 x 17.'"

 

 

THE NATURE OF SHAMANISM

SUBSTANCE AND FUNCTIONS OF A RELIGIOUS METAPHOR

Michael Ripinsky Naxon

1993

Page 49

"In most cases the skin membrane is ornamented with designs, among which the number nine appearing sometimes in various aspects has an obvious symbolic significance, possibly as a product of three, three's.

In the Mongol cosmogony the number nine together with the planet Venus and the constellation of the Great Bear, particularly the star Polaris occupies central positions."

 

VE-NUS 9 9 SUN-EV

 

 

THE NATURE OF SHAMANISM

SUBSTANCE AND FUNCTIONS OF A RELIGIOUS METAPHOR

Michael Ripinsky Naxon

1993

Page 234

"13. G. M. Vasilevich, "Early Concepts about the Universe among the Evenks (Materials)!' (In): Henry N. Michael (ed.), Studies in Siberian Shamanism; p. 68 [see note 5].
The Norse tradition that recounts Odin's offering himself in sacrifice to himself loses, thus, much of its strangeness. It is not much else than a variant of the transculturally encountered myth of transformation. In this particular account, the god Odin, by his own hand, hangs for nine days and nine nights (the recurrent significance of the number 9, or 3 x 3) from the World Tree (Yggdrasil), which represents the junction to the Otherworlds. .- During this transformational process, very much in shamanistic order, he acquires nine magical chants.
"

 

Extract revised for OED Online

ninety, a. and n. Draft Revision Jan 2006

5. ninety-nine Brit. (also 99 ),

http://www.oed.com/bbcwords/ninety.html

 

Extract revised for OED Online

ninety, a. and n. Draft Revision Jan 2006

5. ninety-nine Brit. (also 99 ), an ice-cream cone made with soft ice cream with a stick of flaky chocolate inserted into it (as 99 a proprietary name in the United Kingdom); (formerly) an ice-cream wafer sandwich containing a similar stick of chocolate; a wafer cone or chocolate stick for an ice cream (disused).
[Apparently an arbitrary marketing name. The original ice cream contained Cadbury's '99' Flake (produced specially for the ice-cream trade) but the application to the chocolate may not precede its application to the ice cream. The suggestion that something really special or first class was known as '99' in allusion to an elite guard of ninety-nine soldiers in the service of the King of Italy appears to be without foundation.]

1935 Price List Cadbury Bros. Ltd. Aug., '99' C.D.M. Flake (For Ice Cream Trade)..1 gro[ss]..singles..6/6 One price only. 1936 in Advertising Album (Cadbury Arch. No. 003580), Try a '99' ice cream with Cadbury's Dairy Milk Flake chocolate. 1938 Ice Cream Industr. Jan. 1, (advt.) '99'-The only Cone in the world having these outstanding features-Dripless; Patented top [etc.]. 1951 in Buyers' Guide to Dairy & Ice Cream Industries 217 (advt.) 'Say 99' Janette Scott, child film star, like millions of other children and grown-ups, knows that the best way to eat ice cream is in Askeys '99' Cake Cones. 1977 Times 20 Oct. 6/5 What the [ice-cream] trade needs..is another 99 flake. That gimmick did great things for sales. 1996 R. DOYLE Woman who walked into Doors iv. 12 We got Ninety-Nines or chips before we got the train home,..depending on the weather. 2001 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) 18 Feb. (7 Days section) 2/1 Never having been at the epicentre of any kind of unpleasant incident in Troon, unless you include paying £1.20 for a 99 without raspberry sauce.  

http://www.oed.com/bbcwords/ninety.html

 

 

THE SUPERGODS

Maurice M Cotterell

1997

THEY CAME ON A MISSION TO SAVE MANKIND

Page 55"So, the clues all point to a numerical matrix the conclusion of which culminates in 9 9 9 9 9. Taking 9 each of the Maya cycles and also 9 of the 260-day Maya years we arrive at the message of the Temple of Inscriptions: 1,66,560.
The sceptic might argue that 'if we looked hard enough then all of these numbers could have been found somewhere'."

 

4

ZERO

64

28

1

3

ONE

34
16
7
3

TWO

58
13
4
5

THREE

56
29
2
4

FOUR

60
24
6
4

FIVE

42
24
6
3

SIX

52
16
7
5

SEVEN

65
20
2
5

EIGHT

49
31
4
4

NINE

42
24
6
40
-
522
225
45
4+0
-
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
4
-
9
9
9

 

 

26
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
351
126
9

 

 

CLOSER TO THE LIGHT

Melvin L. Morse and Paul Perry

1990

THE FATHER OF NEUROSCIENCE

Page 98

"I must hasten to add that many researchers in the medical profession feel, deep down in their heart, that there is a soul. I remember one of my professors at Johns Hopkins University telling me that "When I say, 'I went for a walk today, 'I. know I am simply describing to you a behavior that my fellow scientists can quantify. But I know that there was more to my walk than just my legs moving. I know that some inner force decided to go for a walk and that that same inner force enjoyed the flowers and birds and the beauty of nature; / Page 99 / thoughts that science will never be able to measure or quantify." That statement came from a rigid behaviorist with whom I spent hundreds of hours quantifying the exact frequencies of sounds that monkeys can hear".
When I reflect on what he said, I remember the works of Wilder Penfield."

I

SAY

Page 98

"I=9 must hasten to add that many researchers in the medical profession feel, deep down in their heart, that there is a soul. I=9 remember one of my professors at Johns Hopkins University telling me that"When I=9 say, 'I=9 went for a walk today,' I=9. know I=9 am simply describing to you a behavior that my fellow scientists can quantify. But I=9 know that there was more to my walk than just my legs moving. I=9 know that some inner force decided to go for a walk and that that same inner force enjoyed the flowers and birds and the beauty of nature;" / Page 99 / thoughts that science will never be able to measure or quantify." That statement came from a rigid behaviorist with whom I=9 spent hundreds of hours quantifying the exact frequencies of sounds that monkeys can hear".
When I=9 reflect on what he said, I=9 remember the works of Wilder Penfield"

On page 98 / I=9 occurrs x 8 = 72 7+2 = 9

The lines quoted ( 26 - 34 inclusive) occupy nine lines of page 98 and occur x 3 on lines 3-5 of page 99

I=9 occurrs x 11= 99

 

THE EYES HAVE IT

 

Stephen Hawking
Quest For A Theory Of  Everything
Kitty Ferguson

Page 103

31 line down  /  7 line up

"The square of 4 is 16; the square of 5 is 25. The difference between 25 and 16 is 9.

The square root of 9 is 3. So we know that the third side (This occurs on the 33rd line down)

Of the triangle, side C, The world-line of our traveling object, is three yards in length in space time. 

 

HOW MANY FISH ISHI ISHI HOW MANY FISH

?

 

THE CONCEPT OF MIND

Gilbert Ryle 1949

Page 227

"CONSIDER THE REPLIES WE SHOULD EXPECT TO GET TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. 'HOW DO YOU KNOW?' 'HOW DO YOU KNOW THAT THERE ARE TWELVE CHAIRS IN THE ROOM?' 'BY COUNTING THEM.' 'HOW DO YOU KNOW THAT 9 x 17 MAKES 153?' 'BY MULTIPLYING THEM AND THEN CHECKING THE ANSWER BY SUBTRACTING 17 FROM 10 x 17.'"

 

 

KRISHNAMURTI

THE IMPOSSIBLE QUESTION

1972

Page 156

Dialogues

KRISHNAMURTI: I never said that, Sir. When you look at this question really carefully, you will never ask, 'How am I to live in the present?' If you see the nature and the structure of thought very clearly, then you will find that you can function fom a state of mind that is always free from all thought, and yet use thought. That is real meditation, Sir, not all the phoney stuff.
Now the mind is so crowded with the known, which is the product of thought.
The mind is filled with past knowledge, past experience, the whole of memory - which is part of the brain - it is filled with the known. I may translate the known in terms of the future or in terms of the present, but it is always from the known. It is this known that divides, 'knowing the pase, 'I don't know', 'I shall know'. This past, with all its reservoir of memory says, 'Do this, don't do that', 'This will give you certainty, that will give you uncertainty'.
So when the whole mind, including the brain, is empty of the known, -then you will use the known when it is necessary, but functioning always from the unknown - from the mind that is free of the Known. Sir, this happens, it's not as difficult
as it sounds. If you have a problem, you think about it for a day or two, you mull it over, and you get tired of it, you don't know what to do, you go to sleep. The next morning, if you are sensitive, you have found the answer. That is, you have tried to answer this problem in terms of what is bene­ficial, what is successful, what will bring you certainty, in terms of the known, which is thought. And after exercising every thought, thought says, Im tired'. And next morning you've found the answer. That is, you have exercised the mind, used thought to its fullest extent, and dropped it. Then you see something totally new.But if you keep.on exercising
thought all the time, form conclusion after conclusion ­which is the known - then obviously you never see anything new.
This demands a tremendous inward awareness, an in­ward sense of order; not disorder, but order.

Page 157

Questioner: Is there a method of procedure


KRISHNAMURTI: Look, Sir- I get up, walk a few paces and go down the steps. Is that a method of procedure? I just get up and do it naturally, I don't invent a method first and follow it - I see it. You can't reduce everything to a method !

Questioner: Can you empty this storehouse of imprssions which you have had?


KRISHNAMURTI: You've put a wrong question. It is a wrong question because you say 'Can you ever'. Who is the 'you' and what do you mean by 'ever'? Which means: is it possible?
Sirs, look, we never put the impossible question - we are always putting the question of what is possible. If you put an
impossible question, your mind then has to find the answer in terms of the impossible - not of what is possible.
All the great scientific discoveries are based on this, the impossible. It was impossible to go to the moon. But if you say, 'It is possible' then you drop it. Because it was impossible, three hundred thousand people cooperated and worked at it, night and day - they put their mind to it and went to the moon. But we never put the impossible question! The impossible question is this: can the mind empty itself of the known? - itself, not you empty the mind. That is an impossible question. If you put it with tremendous earnestness, with seriousness, with passion, you'll find out. But if you say, 'Oh, it is possible', then you are stuck.
5 August 1970

 

DISMEMBERED AND REMEMBERED

REMEMBERED

AND

DISMEMBERED

ALL IN ALL

THE ONLY RIGHT WAY TO DIE

 

 

Algorithm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for calculations. Algorithms are used for calculation, data processing, and ...

 

A
=
1
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
4
A
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10
ALGORITHMS
122
59
5
-
-
-
-
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-
-
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A
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1
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ALGORITHMS
-
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-
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1
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
-
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
1
M+S
32
14
5
A
=
1
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
59
50
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+9
5+0
A
=
1
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
A
=
1
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5

 

 

A
=
1
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
59
5
A
=
1
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHM
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
G
=
7
-
1
G
7
7
7
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
49
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
49
-
-
4+9
-
-
-
1+0+3
4+9
4+9
-
-
13
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
13
13
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
4
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
4
4

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBERS REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

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1
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-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBERS REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

SO READ ME ONCE AND READ ME TWICE AND READ ME ONCE AGAIN ITS BEEN A LONG LONG TIME

 

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1
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7
8
9
-
-
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-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
9

 

 

M
=
4
-
4
MIND
40
22
4
S
=
1
-
6
SPIRIT
91
37
1
M
=
4
-
6
MATTER
77
23
5
-
-
9
4
16
First Total
208
82
10
-
-
-
-
1+6
Add to Reduce
2+0+8
8+2
1+0
-
-
9
-
7
Second Total
10
10
1
-
-
-
4
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
9
5
7
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

 

-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
-
1+4
-
2+2
-
2+0+3
1+1+3
1+4
-
-
4
-
4
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
5
5
5

 

Artificial intelligence - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Artificial_intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence—perceiving, synthesizing, and inferring information—demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence ...
History · Artificial intelligence in fiction · Weak artificial intelligence · AI effect

Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence—perceiving, synthesizing, and inferring information—demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence displayed by non-human animals and humans. Example tasks in which this is done include speech recognition, computer vision, translation between (natural) languages, as well as other mappings of inputs.

AI applications include advanced web search engines (e.g., Google Search), recommendation systems (used by YouTube, Amazon and Netflix), understanding human speech (such as Siri and Alexa), self-driving cars (e.g., Waymo), automated decision-making and competing at the highest level in strategic game systems (such as chess and Go).[1] As machines become increasingly capable, tasks considered to require "intelligence" are often removed from the definition of AI, a phenomenon known as the AI effect.[2] For instance, optical character recognition is frequently excluded from things considered to be AI,[3] having become a routine technology.[4]

Artificial intelligence was founded as an academic discipline in 1956, and in the years since has experienced several waves of optimism,[5][6] followed by disappointment and the loss of funding (known as an "AI winter"),[7][8] followed by new approaches, success and renewed funding.[6][9] AI research has tried and discarded many different approaches since its founding, including simulating the brain, modeling human problem solving, formal logic, large databases of knowledge and imitating animal behavior. In the first decades of the 21st century, highly mathematical-statistical machine learning has dominated the field, and this technique has proved highly successful, helping to solve many challenging problems throughout industry and academia.[9][10]

The various sub-fields of AI research are centered around particular goals and the use of particular tools. The traditional goals of AI research include reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, learning, natural language processing, perception, and the ability to move and manipulate objects.[a] General intelligence (the ability to solve an arbitrary problem) is among the field's long-term goals.[11] To solve these problems, AI researchers have adapted and integrated a wide range of problem-solving techniques – including search and mathematical optimization, formal logic, artificial neural networks, and methods based on statistics, probability and economics. AI also draws upon computer science, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, and many other fields.

The field was founded on the assumption that human intelligence "can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it".[b] This raised philosophical arguments about the mind and the ethical consequences of creating artificial beings endowed with human-like intelligence; these issues have previously been explored by myth, fiction and philosophy since antiquity.[13] Computer scientists and philosophers have since suggested that AI may become an existential risk to humanity if its rational capacities are not steered towards beneficial goals.[c]

HISTORY
Artificial beings with intelligence appeared as storytelling devices in antiquity,[14] and have been common in fiction, as in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein or Karel Capek's R.U.R.[15] These characters and their fates raised many of the same issues now discussed in the ethics of artificial intelligence.[16]

The study of mechanical or "formal" reasoning began with philosophers and mathematicians in antiquity. The study of mathematical logic led directly to Alan Turing's theory of computation, which suggested that a machine, by shuffling symbols as simple as "0" and "1", could simulate any conceivable act of mathematical deduction. This insight that digital computers can simulate any process of formal reasoning is known as the Church–Turing thesis.[17] This, along with concurrent discoveries in neurobiology, information theory and cybernetics, led researchers to consider the possibility of building an electronic brain.[18] The first work that is now generally recognized as AI was McCullouch and Pitts' 1943 formal design for Turing-complete "artificial neurons".[19]

By the 1950s, two visions for how to achieve machine intelligence emerged. One vision, known as Symbolic AI or GOFAI, was to use computers to create a symbolic representation of the world and systems that could reason about the world. Proponents included Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon, and Marvin Minsky. Closely associated with this approach was the "heuristic search" approach, which likened intelligence to a problem of exploring a space of possibilities for answers. The second vision, known as the connectionist approach, sought to achieve intelligence through learning. Proponents of this approach, most prominently Frank Rosenblatt, sought to connect Perceptron in ways inspired by connections of neurons.[20] James Manyika and others have compared the two approaches to the mind (Symbolic AI) and the brain (connectionist). Manyika argues that symbolic approaches dominated the push for artificial intelligence in this period, due in part to its connection to intellectual traditions of Descartes, Boole, Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, and others. Connectionist approaches based on cybernetics or artificial neural networks were pushed to the background but have gained new prominence in recent decades.[21]

The field of AI research was born at a workshop at Dartmouth College in 1956.[d][24] The attendees became the founders and leaders of AI research.[e] They and their students produced programs that the press described as "astonishing":[f] computers were learning checkers strategies, solving word problems in algebra, proving logical theorems and speaking English.[g][26] By the middle of the 1960s, research in the U.S. was heavily funded by the Department of Defense[27] and laboratories had been established around the world.[28]

Researchers in the 1960s and the 1970s were convinced that symbolic approaches would eventually succeed in creating a machine with artificial general intelligence and considered this the goal of their field.[29] Herbert Simon predicted, "machines will be capable, within twenty years, of doing any work a man can do".[30] Marvin Minsky agreed, writing, "within a generation ... the problem of creating 'artificial intelligence' will substantially be solved".[31] They had failed to recognize the difficulty of some of the remaining tasks. Progress slowed and in 1974, in response to the criticism of Sir James Lighthill[32] and ongoing pressure from the US Congress to fund more productive projects, both the U.S. and British governments cut off exploratory research in AI. The next few years would later be called an "AI winter", a period when obtaining funding for AI projects was difficult.[7]

In the early 1980s, AI research was revived by the commercial success of expert systems,[33] a form of AI program that simulated the knowledge and analytical skills of human experts. By 1985, the market for AI had reached over a billion dollars. At the same time, Japan's fifth generation computer project inspired the U.S. and British governments to restore funding for academic research.[6] However, beginning with the collapse of the Lisp Machine market in 1987, AI once again fell into disrepute, and a second, longer-lasting winter began.[8]

Many researchers began to doubt that the symbolic approach would be able to imitate all the processes of human cognition, especially perception, robotics, learning and pattern recognition. A number of researchers began to look into "sub-symbolic" approaches to specific AI problems.[34] Robotics researchers, such as Rodney Brooks, rejected symbolic AI and focused on the basic engineering problems that would allow robots to move, survive, and learn their environment.[h] Interest in neural networks and "connectionism" was revived by Geoffrey Hinton, David Rumelhart and others in the middle of the 1980s.[39] Soft computing tools were developed in the 1980s, such as neural networks, fuzzy systems, Grey system theory, evolutionary computation and many tools drawn from statistics or mathematical optimization.

AI gradually restored its reputation in the late 1990s and early 21st century by finding specific solutions to specific problems. The narrow focus allowed researchers to produce verifiable results, exploit more mathematical methods, and collaborate with other fields (such as statistics, economics and mathematics).[40] By 2000, solutions developed by AI researchers were being widely used, although in the 1990s they were rarely described as "artificial intelligence".[10]

Faster computers, algorithmic improvements, and access to large amounts of data enabled advances in machine learning and perception; data-hungry deep learning methods started to dominate accuracy benchmarks around 2012.[41] According to Bloomberg's Jack Clark, 2015 was a landmark year for artificial intelligence, with the number of software projects that use AI within Google increased from a "sporadic usage" in 2012 to more than 2,700 projects.[i] He attributes this to an increase in affordable neural networks, due to a rise in cloud computing infrastructure and to an increase in research tools and datasets.[9] In a 2017 survey, one in five companies reported they had "incorporated AI in some offerings or processes".[42] The amount of research into AI (measured by total publications) increased by 50% in the years 2015–2019.[43]

Numerous academic researchers became concerned that AI was no longer pursuing the original goal of creating versatile, fully intelligent machines. Much of current research involves statistical AI, which is overwhelmingly used to solve specific problems, even highly successful techniques such as deep learning.
This concern has led to the subfield of artificial general intelligence (or "AGI"), which had several well-funded institutions by the 2010s.[

PHILOSOPHY

Defining artificial intelligence

Main articles: Turing test, Intelligent agent, Dartmouth workshop, and Synthetic intelligence

Alan Turing wrote in 1950 "I propose to consider the question 'can machines think'?"[155] He advised changing the question from whether a machine "thinks", to "whether or not it is possible for machinery to show intelligent behaviour".[155] He devised the Turing test, which measures the ability of a machine to simulate human conversation.[156] Since we can only observe the behavior of the machine, it does not matter if it is "actually" thinking or literally has a "mind". Turing notes that we can not determine these things about other people[p] but "it is usual to have a polite convention that everyone thinks"[157]

Russell and Norvig agree with Turing that AI must be defined in terms of "acting" and not "thinking".[158] However, they are critical that the test compares machines to people. "Aeronautical engineering texts," they wrote, "do not define the goal of their field as making 'machines that fly so exactly like pigeons that they can fool other pigeons.'"[159] AI founder John McCarthy agreed, writing that "Artificial intelligence is not, by definition, simulation of human intelligence".[160]

McCarthy defines intelligence as "the computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world."[161] Another AI founder, Marvin Minsky similarly defines it as "the ability to solve hard problems".[162] These definitions view intelligence in terms of well-defined problems with well-defined solutions, where both the difficulty of the problem and the performance of the program are direct measures of the "intelligence" of the machine—and no other philosophical discussion is required, or may not even be possible.

A definition that has also been adopted by Google[163][better source needed] - major practitionary in the field of AI. This definition stipulated the ability of systems to synthesize information as the manifestation of intelligence, similar to the way it is defined in biological intelligence.

Evaluating approaches to AI

Machine consciousness, sentience and mind

Main articles: Philosophy of artificial intelligence and Artificial consciousness

The philosophy of mind does not know whether a machine can have a mind, consciousness and mental states, in the same sense that human beings do. This issue considers the internal experiences of the machine, rather than its external behavior. Mainstream AI research considers this issue irrelevant because it does not affect the goals of the field. Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig observe that most AI researchers "don't care about the [philosophy of AI] – as long as the program works, they don't care whether you call it a simulation of intelligence or real intelligence."[176] However, the question has become central to the philosophy of mind. It is also typically the central question at issue in artificial intelligence in fiction.

Consciousness

Main articles: Hard problem of consciousness and Theory of mind

David Chalmers identified two problems in understanding the mind, which he named the "hard" and "easy" problems of consciousness.[177] The easy problem is understanding how the brain processes signals, makes plans and controls behavior. The hard problem is explaining how this feels or why it should feel like anything at all. Human information processing is easy to explain, however, human subjective experience is difficult to explain. For example, it is easy to imagine a color-blind person who has learned to identify which objects in their field of view are red, but it is not clear what would be required for the person to know what red looks like.[178]


Future

Superintelligence

Main articles: Superintelligence, Technological singularity, and Transhumanism

A superintelligence, hyperintelligence, or superhuman intelligence, is a hypothetical agent that would possess intelligence far surpassing that of the brightest and most gifted human mind. Superintelligence may also refer to the form or degree of intelligence possessed by such an agent.[175]

If research into artificial general intelligence produced sufficiently intelligent software, it might be able to reprogram and improve itself. The improved software would be even better at improving itself, leading to recursive self-improvement.[187] Its intelligence would increase exponentially in an intelligence explosion and could dramatically surpass humans. Science fiction writer Vernor Vinge named this scenario the "singularity".[188] Because it is difficult or impossible to know the limits of intelligence or the capabilities of superintelligent machines, the technological singularity is an occurrence beyond which events are unpredictable or even unfathomable.[189]

Robot designer Hans Moravec, cyberneticist Kevin Warwick, and inventor Ray Kurzweil have predicted that humans and machines will merge in the future into cyborgs that are more capable and powerful than either. This idea, called transhumanism, has roots in Aldous Huxley and Robert Ettinger.[190]

Edward Fredkin argues that "artificial intelligence is the next stage in evolution", an idea first proposed by Samuel Butler's "Darwin among the Machines" as far back as 1863, and expanded upon by George Dyson in his book of the same name in 1998.[191]

Risks

Bad actors and weaponized AI

Main articles: Lethal autonomous weapon and Artificial intelligence arms race

AI provides a number of tools that are particularly useful for authoritarian governments: smart spyware, face recognition and voice recognition allow widespread surveillance; such surveillance allows machine learning to classify potential enemies of the state and can prevent them from hiding; recommendation systems can precisely target propaganda and misinformation for maximum effect; deepfakes aid in producing misinformation; advanced AI can make centralized decision making more competitive with liberal and decentralized systems such as markets.[198]

Terrorists, criminals and rogue states may use other forms of weaponized AI such as advanced digital warfare and lethal autonomous weapons. By 2015, over fifty countries were reported to be researching battlefield robots.[199]

Machine-learning AI is also able to design tens of thousands of toxic molecules in a matter of hours.[200]

Algorithmic bias

Main article: Algorithmic bias

AI programs can become biased after learning from real-world data. It is not typically introduced by the system designers but is learned by the program, and thus the programmers are often unaware that the bias exists.[201] Bias can be inadvertently introduced by the way training data is selected.[202] It can also emerge from correlations: AI is used to classify individuals into groups and then make predictions assuming that the individual will resemble other members of the group. In some cases, this assumption may be unfair.[203] An example of this is COMPAS, a commercial program widely used by U.S. courts to assess the likelihood of a defendant becoming a recidivist. ProPublica claims that the COMPAS-assigned recidivism risk level of black defendants is far more likely to be overestimated than that of white defendants, despite the fact that the program was not told the races of the defendants.[204] Other examples where algorithmic bias can lead to unfair outcomes are when AI is used for credit rating or hiring.

At its 2022 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (ACM FAccT 2022) the Association for Computing Machinery, in Seoul, South Korea, presented and published findings recommending that until AI and robotics systems are demonstrated to be free of bias mistakes, they are unsafe and the use of self-learning neural networks trained on vast, unregulated sources of flawed internet data should be curtailed.[205]

Existential risk

Main articles: Existential risk from artificial general intelligence and AI alignment

Superintelligent AI may be able to improve itself to the point that humans could not control it. This could, as physicist Stephen Hawking puts it, "spell the end of the human race".[206] Philosopher Nick Bostrom argues that sufficiently intelligent AI, if it chooses actions based on achieving some goal, will exhibit convergent behavior such as acquiring resources or protecting itself from being shut down. If this AI's goals do not fully reflect humanity's, it might need to harm humanity to acquire more resources or prevent itself from being shut down, ultimately to better achieve its goal. He concludes that AI poses a risk to mankind, however humble or "friendly" its stated goals might be.[207] Political scientist Charles T. Rubin argues that "any sufficiently advanced benevolence may be indistinguishable from malevolence." Humans should not assume machines or robots would treat us favorably because there is no a priori reason to believe that they would share our system of morality.[208]

The opinion of experts and industry insiders is mixed, with sizable fractions both concerned and unconcerned by risk from eventual superhumanly-capable AI.[209] Stephen Hawking, Microsoft founder Bill Gates, history professor Yuval Noah Harari, and SpaceX founder Elon Musk have all expressed serious misgivings about the future of AI.[210] Prominent tech titans including Peter Thiel (Amazon Web Services) and Musk have committed more than $1 billion to nonprofit companies that champion responsible AI development, such as OpenAI and the Future of Life Institute.[211] Mark Zuckerberg (CEO, Facebook) has said that artificial intelligence is helpful in its current form and will continue to assist humans.[212] Other experts argue is that the risks are far enough in the future to not be worth researching, or that humans will be valuable from the perspective of a superintelligent machine.[213] Rodney Brooks, in particular, has said that "malevolent" AI is still centuries away.[u]

 

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

 

-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
-
1+4
-
2+2
-
2+0+3
1+1+3
1+4
-
-
4
-
4
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
5
5
5

 

 

-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ARTIFICIAL
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
3
1
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20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
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-
-
-
-
I
=
9
4
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
F
=
6
5
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
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6
-
-
-
I
=
9
6
1
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9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
C
=
3
7
1
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3
3
3
-
-
-
3
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-
-
I
=
9
8
1
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9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
A
=
1
9
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
10
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
52
-
16
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
52
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
INTELLIGENC
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
11
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
=
5
12
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
13
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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=
5
14
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
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=
3
15
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
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=
3
16
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
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=
9
17
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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9
G
=
7
18
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
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7
-
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=
5
19
1
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5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
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=
5
20
1
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14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
21
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
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=
5
22
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
61
-
16
INTELLIGENC
115
61
61
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
15
4
25
6
7
8
54
-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
2+5
-
-
-
5+4
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
-
2
4
6
4
7
6
7
8
9
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
2
4
6
4
7
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
2+2
-
2+0+3
1+1+3
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
5
5
5
-
2
4
6
4
7
6
6
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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1
1
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1
1
1
-
1
-
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4
-
-
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8
-
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=
9
2
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18
9
9
-
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-
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8
9
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2
3
1
T
20
2
2
-
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2
-
4
-
-
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4
1
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9
9
9
-
-
-
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-
-
-
8
9
F
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6
5
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6
6
6
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6
-
8
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6
1
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9
9
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-
-
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-
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8
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7
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3
3
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4
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9
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1
1
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1
-
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3
3
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-
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3
4
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8
-
I
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11
1
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9
9
9
-
-
-
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4
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5
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4
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8
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T
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20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
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8
-
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5
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8
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15
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3
3
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8
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17
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-
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9
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=
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18
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7
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7
-
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7
8
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19
1
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5
5
5
-
-
-
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5
-
-
8
-
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=
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20
1
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14
5
5
-
-
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5
-
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8
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21
1
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3
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
22
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
15
4
25
6
7
8
54
-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
2+5
-
-
-
5+4
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
-
2
4
6
4
7
6
7
8
9
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
2
4
6
4
7
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
2+2
-
2+0+3
1+1+3
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
5
5
5
-
2
4
6
4
7
6
6
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
9
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
3
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
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8
-
T
=
2
13
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
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8
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=
3
7
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
10
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
15
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
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8
-
L
=
3
16
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
C
=
3
21
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
12
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
14
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
8
-
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=
5
19
1
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5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
20
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
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8
-
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=
5
22
1
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5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
8
-
F
=
6
5
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
8
-
G
=
7
18
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
8
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
9
I
=
9
4
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
9
I
=
9
8
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
9
I
=
9
11
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
9
I
=
9
17
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
15
4
25
6
7
8
54
-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
2+5
-
-
-
5+4
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
-
2
4
6
4
7
6
7
8
9
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
2
4
6
4
7
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
2+2
-
2+0+3
1+1+3
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
5
5
5
-
2
4
6
4
7
6
6
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
5
6
7
9
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
1
2
3
5
6
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
9
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
3
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
13
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
7
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
10
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
15
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
16
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
21
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
12
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
14
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
19
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
20
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
22
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
F
=
6
5
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
G
=
7
18
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
4
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
8
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
11
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
17
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
15
25
6
7
54
-
-
-
-
28
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
2+5
-
-
5+4
A
=
5
-
10
ARTIFICIAL
88
52
7
-
2
4
6
7
6
7
9
I
=
9
-
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
22
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
203
113
14
-
2
4
6
7
6
7
9
-
-
1+4
-
2+2
-
2+0+3
1+1+3
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
5
5
5
-
2
4
6
7
6
6
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
PROBLEMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
37
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
3+7
-
-
1+0+0
4+6
3+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
10
10
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
1
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
PROBLEMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
37
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
3+7
-
-
1+0+0
4+6
3+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
10
10
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
1
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
PROBLEMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
37
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
-
-
3+7
-
-
1+0+0
4+6
3+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
10
10
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
1
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9

 

SO READ ME ONCE AND READ ME TWICE AND READ ME ONCE AGAIN ITS BEEN A LONG LONG TIME

 

-
-
-
-
11

GLORIA IN EXCELSIS

-
-
-
G
=
7
-
6
GLORIA
62
35
8
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
E
=
5
-
8
EXCELSIS
96
33
6
-
-
21
-
16

GLORIA IN EXCELSIS

181
82
19
-
-
2+1
-
1+6
-
1+8+1
8+2
1+9
-
-
3
-
7

GLORIA IN EXCELSIS

10
10
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
3
-
72

GLORIA IN EXCELSIS

1
1
1

 

 

-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
P
=
7
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
-
8
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

198
90
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+9+8
9+0
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

1
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

198
90
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SOLVING
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
V
=
4
4
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
7
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PROBLEMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
O
=
6
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
B
=
2
11
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
14
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
2
2
6
8
10
12
14
8
18
P
=
7
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
-
1+8
-
-
8
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

198
90
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+9+8
9+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

18
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

9
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

198
90
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
V
=
4
4
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
G
=
7
7
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
O
=
6
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
B
=
2
11
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
14
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
2
2
6
8
10
12
14
8
18
P
=
7
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
-
1+8
-
-
8
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

198
90
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+9+8
9+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

18
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

9
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

198
90
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
B
=
2
11
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
V
=
4
4
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
14
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
O
=
6
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
G
=
7
7
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
2
2
6
8
10
12
14
8
18
P
=
7
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
-
1+8
-
-
8
-
15

SOLVING PROBLEMS

198
90
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
1+9+8
9+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

18
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
6

SOLVING PROBLEMS

9
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9

 

TRANSPOSED LETTERS REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

SO READ ME ONCE AND READ ME TWICE AND READ ME ONCE AGAIN ITS BEEN A LONG LONG TIME

 

-
-
-
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
H
=
8
-
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
G
=
7
-
6
GENOME
59
32
5
-
-
17
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
149
68
14
-
-
1+7
-
1+4
-
1+4+9
6+8
1+4
-
-
8
-
5
THE HUMAN GENOME
14
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
8
-
5
THE HUMAN GENOME
5
5
5

 

 

-
-
-
-
12
THE HUMAN GENOME
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
6
GENOME
59
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
149
68
14
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
5
-
33
15
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
U
=
3
5
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
6
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
7
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
8
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
21
-
5
-
57
21
21
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
9
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
11
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
12
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
M
=
4
13
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
32
-
6
-
59
32
32
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
8
25
6
7
16
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
1+6
-
H
=
8
-
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9
G
=
7
-
6
GENOME
59
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
149
68
14
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9
-
-
1+7
-
1+4
-
1+4+9
6+8
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
5
THE HUMAN GENOME
14
14
5
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
5
THE HUMAN GENOME
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
12
THE HUMAN GENOME
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
6
GENOME
59
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
149
68
14
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
8
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
8
U
=
3
5
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
M
=
4
6
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
A
=
1
7
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
N
=
5
8
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
G
=
7
9
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
7
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
N
=
5
11
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
O
=
6
12
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
M
=
4
13
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
8
25
6
7
16
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
1+6
-
H
=
8
-
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9
G
=
7
-
6
GENOME
59
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
149
68
14
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9
-
-
1+7
-
1+4
-
1+4+9
6+8
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
5
THE HUMAN GENOME
14
14
5
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
5
THE HUMAN GENOME
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9

 

LOOK AT THE 5S LOOK AT THE 5S LOOK AT THE 5S THE 5S THE 5S

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

LOOK AT THE 5FIVE5S LOOK AT THE 5FIVE5S LOOK AT THE 5FIVE5S THE 5FIVE5S THE 5FIVE5S

5 x 5 = 25

LOOK AT THJE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES

5 x 5 = 25

 

-
-
-
-
12
THE HUMAN GENOME
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
6
GENOME
59
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
149
68
14
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
7
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
U
=
3
5
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
M
=
4
6
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
M
=
4
13
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
N
=
5
8
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
N
=
5
11
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
O
=
6
12
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
G
=
7
9
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
7
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
8
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
8
25
6
7
16
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
1+6
-
H
=
8
-
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9
G
=
7
-
6
GENOME
59
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
14
THE HUMAN GENOME
149
68
14
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9
-
-
1+7
-
1+4
-
1+4+9
6+8
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
5
THE HUMAN GENOME
14
14
5
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
5
THE HUMAN GENOME
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
8
7
6
7
7
9

 

 

LIVE EVIL LIVE

EVIL LIVE EVIL

LIVED DEVIL LIVED

DEVIL LIVED DEVIL

 

I
=
9
-
3
ITS
48
12
3
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
F
=
6
-
5
FINAL
42
24
6
C
=
3
-
9
COUNTDOWN
129
39
3
-
-
20
-
20
Add to Reduce
252
90
18
-
-
2+0
-
2+0
Reduce to Deduce
2+5+2
9+0
1+8
-
-
2
-
2
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

LOVE EVOLVE LOVE

EVOLVE LOVE EVOLVE

 

C
=
3
-
-
COOL
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
C
=
3
-
4
COOL
45
88
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
1+8
1+8
C
=
3
-
4
COOL
9
9
9

 

 

F
=
6
-
-
FLUX
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
X
24
6
6
F
=
6
-
4
FLUX
63
88
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
6+3
1+8
1+8
F
=
6
-
4
FLUX
9
9
9

 

 

B
=
2
-
3
BREATHE
59
32
5
O
=
6
-
3
ON
29
11
2
M
=
4
-
5
ME
18
9
9
B
=
2
-
9
BREATH
54
27
9
O
=
2
-
3
OF
21
12
3
G
=
7
-
5
GOD
26
17
8
-
-
23
-
20
Add to Reduce
207
108
36
-
-
2+3
-
2+0
Reduce to Deduce
2+0+7
1+0+8
3+6
-
-
5
-
2
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

Sentience is the capacity to experience feelings and sensations. The word was first coined by philosophers in the 1630s for the concept of an ability to feel, derived from Latin sentientem, to distinguish it from the ability to think. In modern... Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Sapience.

"Sentient" redirects here. For other uses, see Sentient (disambiguation).

A cat in an affectionate frame of mind, by T. W. Wood (1872).
Sentience is the capacity to experience feelings and sensations.[1] The word was first coined by philosophers in the 1630s for the concept of an ability to feel, derived from Latin sentientem (a feeling),[2] to distinguish it from the ability to think (reason).[citation needed] In modern Western philosophy, sentience is the ability to experience sensations. In different Asian religions, the word 'sentience' has been used to translate a variety of concepts. In science fiction, the word "sentience" is sometimes used interchangeably with "sapience", "self-awareness", or "consciousness".[3]

Some writers differentiate between the mere ability to perceive sensations, such as light or pain, and the ability to perceive emotions, such as fear or grief. The subjective awareness of experiences by a conscious individual are known as qualia in Western philosophy.[3]

Philosophy and sentience?[edit]

In philosophy, different authors draw different distinctions between consciousness and sentience. According to Antonio Damasio, sentience is a minimalistic way of defining consciousness, which otherwise commonly and collectively describes sentience plus further features of the mind and consciousness, such as creativity, intelligence, sapience, self-awareness, and intentionality (the ability to have thoughts about something). These further features of consciousness may not be necessary for sentience, which is the capacity to feel sensations and emotions.[4]

Consciousness?[edit]

See also: Consciousness

According to Thomas Nagel in his paper "What Is It Like to Be a Bat?", consciousness can refer to the ability of any entity to have subjective perceptual experiences, or as some philosophers refer to them, "qualia"—in other words, the ability to have states that it feels like something to be in.[5] Some philosophers, notably Colin McGinn, believe that the physical process causing consciousness to happen will never be understood, a position known as "new mysterianism." They do not deny that most other aspects of consciousness are subject to scientific investigation but they argue that qualia will never be explained.[citation needed] Other philosophers, such as Daniel Dennett, argue that qualia are not a meaningful concept.[6]

Regarding animal consciousness, according to the Cambridge Declaration of Consciousness, which was publicly proclaimed on 7 July 2012 at Cambridge University, consciousness is that which requires specialized neural structures, chiefly neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neurophysiological substrates, which manifests in more complex organisms as the central nervous system, to exhibit consciousness.[a] Accordingly, only organisms that possess these substrates, all within the animal kingdom, are said to be conscious.[7] Sponges, placozoans, and mesozoans, with simple body plans and no nervous system, are the only members of the animal kingdom that possess no consciousness.[citation needed]

Phenomenal vs. affective consciousness?[edit]

David Chalmers argues that sentience is sometimes used as shorthand for phenomenal consciousness, the capacity to have any subjective experience at all, but sometimes refers to the narrower concept of affective consciousness, the capacity to experience subjective states that have affective valence (i.e., a positive or negative character), such as pain and pleasure.[8]

Recognition paradox and relation to sapience?[edit]

Chimps in a playful mood.
While it has been traditionally assumed that sentience and sapience are, in principle, independent of each other, there are criticisms of that assumption. One such criticism is about recognition paradoxes, one example of which is that an entity that cannot distinguish a spider from a non-spider cannot be arachnophobic. More generally, it is argued that since it is not possible to attach an emotional response to stimuli that cannot be recognized, emotions cannot exist independently of cognition that can recognize. The claim that precise recognition exists as specific attention to some details in a modular mind is criticized both with regard to data loss as a small system of disambiguating synapses in a module physically cannot make as precise distinctions as a bigger synaptic system encompassing the whole brain, and for energy loss as having one system for motivation that needs some built-in cognition to recognize anything anyway and another cognitive system for making strategies would cost more energy than integrating it all in one system that use the same synapses. Data losses inherent in all information transfer from more precise systems to less precise systems are also argued to make it impossible for any imprecise system to use a more precise system as an "emissary", as a less precise system would not be able to tell whether the outdata from the more precise system was in the interest of the less precise system or not.[9][10]

Empirical data on conditioned reflex precision?[edit]

The original studies by Ivan Pavlov that showed that conditioned reflexes in human children are more discriminating than those in dogs, human children salivating only at ticking frequencies very close to those at which food was served while dogs drool at a wider range of frequencies, have been followed up in recent years with comparative studies on more species. It is shown that both brain size and brain-wide connectivity contribute to make perception more discriminating, as predicted by the theory of a brain-wide perception system but not by the theory of separate systems for emotion and cognition.[11]

Eastern religions?[edit]

See also: Sentient beings (Buddhism)

Eastern religions including Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism recognise non-humans as sentient beings.[12] The term sentient beings is translated from various Sanskrit terms (jantu, bahu jana, jagat, sattva) and "conventionally refers to the mass of living things subject to illusion, suffering, and rebirth (Sa?sara)".[13] In some forms of Buddhism plants, stones and other inanimate objects are considered to be 'sentient'.[14][15] In Jainism many things are endowed with a soul, jiva, which is sometimes translated as 'sentience'.[16][17] Some things are without a soul, ajiva, such as a chair or spoon.[18] There are different rankings of jiva based on the number of senses it has. Water, for example, is a sentient being of the first order, as it is considered to possess only one sense, that of touch.[19]

In Jainism and Hinduism, this is related to the concept of ahimsa, non-violence toward other beings.[citation needed]

Sentience in Buddhism is the state of having senses. In Buddhism, there are six senses, the sixth being the subjective experience of the mind. Sentience is simply awareness prior to the arising of Skandha. Thus, an animal qualifies as a sentient being. According to Buddhism, sentient beings made of pure consciousness are possible. In Mahayana Buddhism, which includes Zen and Tibetan Buddhism, the concept is related to the Bodhisattva, an enlightened being devoted to the liberation of others. The first vow of a Bodhisattva states, "Sentient beings are numberless; I vow to free them."

Animal welfare, rights, and sentience?[edit]

Main articles: Animal rights by country or territory, Animal consciousness, Animal cognition, Animal welfare, Animal rights, Pain in animals, and Sentientism

Sentience has been a central concept in the animal rights movement, tracing back to the well-known writing of Jeremy Bentham in An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation: "The question is not, Can they reason? nor, Can they talk? but, Can they suffer?"

Richard D. Ryder defines sentientism broadly as the position according to which an entity has moral status if and only if it is sentient.[20] In David Chalmer's more specific terminology, Bentham is a narrow sentientist, since his criterion for moral status is not only the ability to experience any phenomenal consciousness at all, but specifically the ability to experience conscious states with negative affective valence (i.e. suffering).[8] Animal welfare and rights advocates often invoke similar capacities. For example, the documentary Earthlings argues that while animals do not have all the desires and ability to comprehend as do humans, they do share the desires for food and water, shelter and companionship, freedom of movement and avoidance of pain.[21][b]

Animal-welfare advocates typically argue that any sentient being is entitled, at a minimum, to protection from unnecessary suffering[citation needed], though animal-rights advocates may differ on what rights (e.g., the right to life) may be entailed by simple sentience. Sentiocentrism describes the theory that sentient individuals are the center of moral concern.

Gary Francione also bases his abolitionist theory of animal rights, which differs significantly from Singer's, on sentience. He asserts that, "All sentient beings, humans or nonhuman, have one right: the basic right not to be treated as the property of others."[22]

Andrew Linzey, founder of the Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics in England, considers recognising animals as sentient beings as an aspect of his Christianity. The Interfaith Association of Animal Chaplains encourages animal ministry groups to adopt a policy of recognising and valuing sentient beings.[citation needed]

In 1997 the concept of animal sentience was written into the basic law of the European Union. The legally binding protocol annexed to the Treaty of Amsterdam recognises that animals are "sentient beings", and requires the EU and its member states to "pay full regard to the welfare requirements of animals".

Alleged sentience of artificial intelligence?[edit]

It is a subject of debate as to whether artificial intelligence can potentially display, or has displayed, the level of awareness and cognitive ability required of sentience in animals.[23] Notably, the discussion on the topic of alleged sentience of artificial intelligence has been reignited as a result of recent (as of mid-2022) claims made about Google's LaMDA artificial intelligence system that it is "sentient" and had a "soul."[24] LaMDA (Language Model for Dialogue Applications) is an artificial intelligence system that creates chatbots — AI robots designed to communicate with humans — by gathering vast amounts of text from the internet and using algorithms to respond to queries in the most fluid and natural way possible. The transcripts of conversations between scientists and LaMDA reveal that the AI system excels at this, providing answers to challenging topics about the nature of emotions, generating Aesop-style fables on the moment, and even describing its alleged fears.[25]

However, the term "sentience" is not used by major artificial intelligence textbooks and researchers.[26] It is sometimes used in popular accounts of AI to describe "human level or higher intelligence" (or artificial general intelligence).

Sentience quotient?[edit]

The sentience quotient concept was introduced by Robert A. Freitas Jr. in the late 1970s.[27] It defines sentience as the relationship between the information processing rate of each individual processing unit (neuron), the weight/size of a single unit, and the total number of processing units (expressed as mass). It was proposed as a measure for the sentience of all living beings and computers from a single neuron up to a hypothetical being at the theoretical computational limit of the entire universe. On a logarithmic scale it runs from -70 up to +50.

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
SENTIENCE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
2
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
3
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
8
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
9
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
40
-
9
SENTIENCE
94
49
40
-
1
2
3
4
25
6
7
8
8
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
9+4
4+9
4+0
-
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
SENTIENCE
13
13
4
-
1
2
3
4
7
6
7
8
8
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
SENTIENCE
4
4
5
-
1
2
3
4
7
6
7
8
8

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
SENTIENCE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
7
8
-
E
=
5
2
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
N
=
5
3
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
6
7
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
C
=
3
8
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
7
8
-
E
=
5
9
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
-
-
40
-
9
SENTIENCE
94
49
40
-
1
2
3
4
25
6
7
8
8
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
9+4
4+9
4+0
-
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
SENTIENCE
13
13
4
-
1
2
3
4
7
6
7
8
8
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
SENTIENCE
4
4
5
-
1
2
3
4
7
6
7
8
8

 

LOOK AT THE 5S LOOK AT THE 5S LOOK AT THE 5S THE 5S THE 5S

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

LOOK AT THE 5FIVE5S LOOK AT THE 5FIVE5S LOOK AT THE 5FIVE5S THE 5FIVE5S THE 5FIVE5S

5 x 5 = 25

LOOK AT THJE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES

5 x 5 = 25

 

-
-
-
-
-
SENTIENCE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
7
8
-
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
6
7
8
-
C
=
3
8
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
7
8
-
E
=
5
2
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
N
=
5
3
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
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=
5
6
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E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
8
-
E
=
5
9
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
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4
5
6
7
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
8
9
-
-
40
-
9
SENTIENCE
94
49
40
-
1
2
3
4
25
6
7
8
8
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
9+4
4+9
4+0
-
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
SENTIENCE
13
13
4
-
1
2
3
4
7
6
7
8
8
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
SENTIENCE
4
4
5
-
1
2
3
4
7
6
7
8
8

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
SENTIENCE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
5
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
C
=
3
8
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
E
=
5
2
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
N
=
5
3
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
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-
5
-
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=
5
9
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
40
-
9
SENTIENCE
94
49
40
-
1
2
3
25
8
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
9+4
4+9
4+0
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
4
-
9
SENTIENCE
13
13
4
-
1
2
3
7
8
-
-
4+0
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
SENTIENCE
4
4
5
-
1
2
3
7
8

 

SO READ ME ONCE AND READ ME TWICE AND READ ME ONCE AGAIN ITS BEEN A LONG LONG TIME

 

ISIS-ASTARTE-DIANA-HECATI-DEMETER-KALI-INANNA

 

I
=
9
-
4
ISIS
56
20
2
A
=
1
-
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ASTARTE
84
21
3
D
=
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DIANA
29
20
2
H
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-
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HECATI
42
24
6
D
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-
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DEMETER
70
34
7
K
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KALI
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15
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-
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INANNA
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Bruce Springsteen with the Sessions Band - If I Should Fall Behind (Live In Dublin) - YouTube

 


The Miraculous Properties of Precious and Semi-Precious Stones

dsfantiquejewelry.com › blogs › journal › the-miraculous-properties-of-pre...
Precious and semi-precious stones can emit energetic vibrations that have an effect on the human mind and body. It is believed that they possess miraculous ...

8 Most Powerful Crystals For High Vibration & Energy - Goop
goop.com › wellness › spirituality › the-8-essential-crystals
1 Dec 2022 · Amethyst is a stone of the sixth (third eye) and seventh (crown) chakras: It is super high-vibration (in addition to being super pretty); it ...

 


CRYSTALS: THE SCIENCE BEHIND THE SPIRITUAL - ATHR Beauty
athrbeauty.com › blogs › goodvibesbeauty › crystals-the-science-the-spiritual

People with higher vibrations radiate kindness, love, peace, and compassion, ... Solar Plexus Chakra Crystal: Citrine is known as the Success Stone for good ...
You know those little cards at the crystal shop that tell you the meaning/benefits of each crystal? Do you ever wonder how they come up with these meanings? And how the crystals actually work? Keep reading to find out:
•The science behind crystals – how they affect us
•Crystals and your chakras
•Our Crystal Shop - which crystals align with each chakra
•Crystal-infused ATHR Beauty products

THE SCIENCE: HOW CRYSTALS AFFECT US

Science has proven that matter is 99.999999999999% empty space. And what makes up this empty space: energy. Energy is everything, and everything is energy. You, the chair you’re sitting on, the phone you’re holding, and the crystals you know and love – all of it is vibrating energy.

“Everything is energy and that’s all there is to it. This is not philosophy. This is physics.”

-Albert Einstein

Just like everything else in the universe, we each have our own unique vibrational frequency. People with higher vibrations radiate kindness, love, peace, and compassion, whereas people with lower vibrations experience more low-vibe emotions like jealousy, anxiety, anger, or fear.

Whatever frequency you’re at, as a human, your vibration is very unstable and very easily influenced. It changes constantly as we’re exposed to other people, social media, the news, traffic, the weather, good news, bad news, our own memories, etc.

Crystals, on the other hand, have a super stable energy frequency that doesn’t change. Why? They’re made up of a fixed, regularly repeating, perfect geometric pattern of molecules. And they maintain their perfect stability with no effort. Exactly the opposite of our constantly changing, non-stable human nature.

So why does the stability of a crystal matter? Well, more stable energy = more powerful energy. And powerful energy can influence the energies around it. This is why crystals can so profoundly influence our unstable (less powerful) energy.

CRYSTALS AND YOUR CHAKRAS

Every crystal, just like every human, has a different energetic frequency. It depends on a few different factors like the size, the composition, and most helpfully, the color.

Why does crystal color matter? The colors we see are specific light frequencies. Red, for example, has a much lower frequency than purple. The same goes for our own bodies. If you look at a chakra diagram, the lowest chakra (the root chakra) is shown in red, which aligns with the low vibrational frequency of that chakra. Your crown chakra, on the other hand, is shown in purple, as it’s the highest vibration chakra, and the highest vibration color.

chakras

CHOOSING CRYSTALS FOR YOU

Because of this vibrational match between like colors, you can usually choose your crystal to match the chakra you want to balance. For example, blue sapphires are good for your throat chakra - which is shown in blue. Just as amber and yellow topaz crystals align with your yellow solar plexus chakra. There are a few exceptions, like rose quartz, which is connected to the green heart chakra, but in general, this is a good place to start.

If you’re not sure which chakra to focus on, just pick the crystal that your intuition guides you to – the one that you just love. Your own body and intuition know what it needs.

WHICH CRYSTALS ALIGN WITH EACH CHAKRA

Chakras are the seven energetic centers in the body. They’re each connected with different organs and functions in our mind, body, and spirit. The lowest chakra (the root chakra), has the lowest vibrational frequency – and its qualities mirror this. It’s concerned with the basic elements of existence – primarily with your safety and physical survival. As you move up the chakra system, you move from the more fundamental emotions to the deeper, higher vibration feelings of joy, love, and creativity.

Your chakras can become imbalanced based on influences/experiences in our lives. These imbalances may show up as a physical symptom, emotional disruption, or mental ailment.

This is where crystals come in – they can help rebalance any misalignment – returning your energetic centers to the frequencies they're meant to vibrate at. Keep reading for our ethically-sourced crystal recommendations for each chakra.

Root Chakra (red) – connection with the earth, your physical survival, and safety.

Root Chakra Crystals: Smokey Quartz and Tourmaline. Smokey Quartz helps us feel grounded in our physical body and connected to the earth. Its helps release and neutralize negative energy. Tourmaline helps you feel safe, grounded, and secure in your place on this earth.

Sacral Chakra (orange) – the creative life force energy that makes you human.

Sacral Chakra Crystal: Citrine magnifies our manifestations and helps reconnect us with our divine feminine energy - the center of our emotions, sexual energy, and sacred creativity.

Solar Plexus Chakra (yellow) – the seat of your personal power – the internal wisdom and confidence within you.

Solar Plexus Chakra Crystal: Citrine is known as the Success Stone for good reason - it clears out self-doubt and brings forth feelings of confidence and personal power.

Aether-Beauty-rose-quartz-crystal-gemstone-palette

Heart Chakra (green) – love and compassion for yourself and others.

Heart Chakra Crystals: Rose Quartz and Fluorite. Rose quartz helps awaken love and compassion for ourselves and for others. Green Fluorite is energetically matched to the heart chakra and helps to clear any blockages or imbalances.

Throat Chakra (blue) – this chakra allows us to speak our truth with clarity, love, and kindness.

Throat Chakra Crystal: Opalite brings ease to your interactions and helps enhance your self-expression.

Third Eye Chakra (indigo) – your connection to your intuition and information beyond the material world.

Third Eye Crystal - Herkimer Diamond and Lepidolite. The Herkimer Diamond is an incredibly high-vibe stone that helps open our awareness to the wisdom of consciousness. When our Third Eye is open, we see clearly and understand easily. Known as The Peace Stone, Lepidolite helps stabilize internal strife and connect us to our calm, all-knowing intuition.

Crown Chakra (violet) – connection to consciousness, all that is.

Crown Chakra Crystals: Amethyst and Clear Quartz. Amethyst helps connect us with infinite consciousness - the pure white light and all-knowing wisdom that’s always available to us. Clear Quartz helps open the Crown Chakra and align you with your highest self.

 

 

 
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